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• Paper·arXiv — Language & NLP (cs.CL)·7 May 2026

  Parser agreement and disagreement in L2 Korean UD: Implications for human-in-the-loop annotation

  Hakyung Sung, Gyu-Ho Shin

  This study proposes a simplified human-in-the-loop workflow for L2 Korean morphosyntactic annotation by measuring agreement between two domain-adapted parsers. Results show strong correspondence between parser agreement and human judgments, supporting semi-automatic UD annotation, though disagreements cluster in linguistically predictable areas like grammatical relations and clause boundaries.

  Original abstract

  We propose a simplified human-in-the-loop workflow for second language (L2) Korean morphosyntactic annotation by leveraging agreement between two domain-adapted parsers. We first evaluate whether parser agreement can serve as a proxy for annotation correctness by comparing it with independent human judgments. The results show strong correspondence between parser and human judgments, supporting the feasibility of semi-automatic L2-Korean UD annotation. Further analysis demonstrates that parser disagreements cluster in linguistically predictable domains such as grammatical-relation distinctions and clause-boundary ambiguity. While many disagreement cases are tractable for iterative model refinement, others reflect deeper representational challenges inherent in parsing and tagging L2-Korean corpora.

  second-language-annotationmorphosyntactic-parsinghuman-in-the-loopkorean-linguisticssemi-automatic-annotation7/10