ecological-perspective
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- PaperLanguage Teaching Research9 Jul 2026
Exploring Teacher Agency in Conducting Peer Feedback Activities in English-as-a-Foreign-Language Writing: An Ecological Perspective
Yao Lu, Ying Gao, Tiantian Xu
Two EFL writing teachers exhibited contrasting patterns of agency in conducting peer feedback activities, with a novice teacher shifting from proactive to constrained agency and an experienced teacher moving from automatic to autonomous agency, shaped by temporal affordances and constraints linked to individual and contextual factors. The findings highlight the need for tailored support to enhance teacher agency in facilitating peer feedback.
Original abstract
Although the learning benefits of peer feedback in English-as-a-foreign-language writing instruction have been well recognized, the process and effects of peer feedback are largely reliant on teacher agency in conducting such activities. However, inadequate research has been conducted on this issue, leaving the dynamic features and causes of teacher agency in peer feedback largely unknown. Drawing on an ecological perspective, this comparative case study examined how two English-as-a-foreign-language teachers from two universities enacted agency in organizing peer feedback activities in their writing instructions. Multiple data including classroom observation, interviews and relevant teaching documents were collected and coded for themes. The study revealed that both teachers exerted dynamic agency in creating peer feedback experiences for students, but showed considerable differences before, during and after peer feedback. Overall, the novice teacher shifted from showing proactive agency to constrained agency, whereas the experienced teacher moved from demonstrating automatic agency to autonomous agency. This stark contrast was shaped by the synergism of different temporal affordances and constraints in relation to individual and contextual factors. The study highlights the need to provide tailored support to enhance teacher agency in dealing with possible challenges in facilitating students’ experiences with peer feedback.