aphasia
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- PaperDOAJ — Language assessment1 Jul 2026
Multilevel auditory and cognitive processing in post-stroke aphasia: associations with language performance using ABR, LLR, and P300: a cross-sectional observational study
Agit Şimşek, Nihal Sümeyye Ulutaş, Feyza Deniz Saman
Post-stroke aphasia is associated with delayed auditory processing across subcortical (ABR), cortical (LLR), and cognitive (P300) levels, reflecting generalized neural slowing rather than reduced neural recruitment. Latency-based measures of auditory evoked potentials may complement behavioral language assessments in aphasia evaluation and rehabilitation.
Original abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Aphasia following stroke is primarily characterized by language impairment; however, accumulating evidence suggests that deficits in auditory and cognitive processing may also contribute to impaired language function. Auditory evoked potentials provide objective markers of neural processing across subcortical, cortical, and cognitive levels and may help clarify the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying post-stroke aphasia. OBJECTIVES: To investigate multilevel auditory processing and its relationship with language performance in individuals with post-stroke aphasia using Auditory Brainstem Responses (ABR), Late Latency Responses (LLR), and P300 potentials. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational study conducted at a university hospital in Türkiye. METHODS: Twenty-nine individuals with post-stroke aphasia and 33 age-matched healthy controls were included. Language performance was assessed using the Aphasia Language Assessment Test and a standardized naming task. Auditory processing was evaluated using ABR, LLR (P1, N1, P2, N2), and P300 potentials recorded according to standard electrophysiological protocols. Group comparisons were performed for latency and amplitude measures, and correlation analyses were conducted to examine associations between electrophysiological parameters and language performance. RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, individuals with aphasia demonstrated significantly prolonged latencies in ABR waves and interpeak intervals, as well as in all LLR and P300 components (p < 0.05). No significant group differences were observed in amplitude measures. Naming performance was significantly lower in the aphasia group. Although correlations between language performance and electrophysiological measures did not reach statistical significance, moderate negative trends were observed between naming scores and N2 and P300 latencies. CONCLUSION: Post-stroke aphasia is associated with delayed auditory processing across subcortical, cortical, and cognitive levels, reflecting generalized slowing rather than reduced neural recruitment. Latency-based auditory evoked potential measures may complement behavioral language assessments and support a multilevel auditory–cognitive framework for aphasia evaluation and rehabilitation.
- PaperDOAJ — Language assessment1 Jul 2026
Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Bedside Language test for Brazilian patients
Milena Gama Setúbal Freitas, Ingrid César Fernandes, Gustavo Cavalcante Cruz de Almeida, Artur Victor Menezes Sousa
The Bedside Language test was translated and culturally adapted for Brazilian Portuguese, demonstrating high internal consistency and reliability in assessing aphasia in stroke patients. The tool showed strong correlation with an existing screening test across most language domains, supporting its use for early diagnosis in hospital settings.
Original abstract
ABSTRACT Aphasia is a neurological condition characterized by partial or total loss of verbal communication, most commonly caused by stroke. In hospital settings, brief and reliable tools are essential to identify and quantify aphasia early, enabling prompt diagnosis and appropriate rehabilitation planning. However, Brazil lacks language assessment instruments adapted for bedside use. Objective: To perform the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Bedside Language test for Brazilian Portuguese. Methods: The BL underwent translation, back-translation, expert review, and cultural adaptation. The final version was administered to 70 participants. Two evaluators applied the instrument on the same day to assess inter-rater reliability, and the same examiner reapplied it within two days to assess test-retest reliability. The Bedside Evaluation Screening Test (BEST-2) language test was also used for concurrent validity. Results: The Brazilian version of the BL demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: spontaneous reading — LE=0.80; comprehension — CO=0.86; repetition — RE=0.95; writing — ES=0.73; overall=0.87), as well as satisfactory intra-rater (p=0.22) and inter-rater (p=0.77) reliability. It showed a strong correlation with the BEST-2 across all linguistic domains except writing. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the BL is a brief, valid, and reliable bedside screening tool for identifying aphasia in patients with ischemic stroke, supporting high-quality care in specialized stroke centers.