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- PaperTESOL Journal21 Jul 2026
Purpose, Audience, Context, and Culture: A Framework for AI ‐Assisted Writing in ELT Classrooms
Flora D. Floris, Willy A. Renandya
The PACC framework (Purpose, Audience, Context, Culture) is proposed as a conceptual model for AI-assisted writing in ELT. Grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics and Genre Theory, it guides students in designing AI prompts and evaluating AI-generated texts. The framework offers a practical approach for teachers to integrate AI tools into writing instruction while maintaining focus on communicative goals.
Original abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools can help students draft and revise texts more efficiently. However, AI‐generated texts may sound fluent but still fail to meet the needs of readers. This article proposes the PACC framework as a conceptual model for AI‐assisted writing in ELT. Informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics and Genre Theory, PACC focuses on four elements: purpose, audience, context, and culture. Students use these elements to design AI prompts and to evaluate and revise the AI‐generated text. This article explains the theoretical basis of the framework, shows how it can be applied in writing lessons, presents an integrated classroom example, and discusses possible implementation challenges. The PACC framework contributes to ELT writing instruction by giving teachers and students a practical and meaningful way when preparing AI prompts and when reviewing AI‐generated texts.