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- PaperOpenAlex — TESOL research22 Jul 2026
Learners’ perceptions and challenges of microlearning in Indian ESL tertiary education
K. Arunesh Kumar, N. Hema
A quantitative study of 48 Indian ESL undergraduates found positive perceptions of microlearning's flexibility and interactivity, but identified challenges such as poor internet connectivity and content fragmentation. A significant negative correlation between perceptions and challenges indicates that greater obstacles worsen attitudes toward microlearning, highlighting the need for context-sensitive technology integration.
Original abstract
The swift digitalization of higher education has fuelled the curiosity surrounding microlearning as a new form of pedagogy in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), particularly English as a Second Language (ESL) instruction. Although microlearning is increasingly used globally, little empirical evidence has investigated on how learners perceive microlearning in the context of tertiary level ESL learners in India. This paper explores perceptions of microlearning among ESL learners at the tertiary level, challenges faced by these learners, and the correlation between their perceptions and challenges. Using a quantitative research design, a study involving 48 Indian ESL undergraduate students was conducted, where a structured questionnaire with perception and challenge scales was administered. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and Pearson correlation. The results indicate that students tend to have positive attitudes towards microlearning, especially its flexibility, interactivity, and vocabulary/grammar acquisition support. Nevertheless, there are still important limitations, including the lack of internet connectivity and issues with content depth and fragmentation. The correlation between the perceptions of learners and the challenges met was statistically significant and negative, denoting that greater impediments have a negative impact on attitudes towards microlearning. The research highlights the significance of technology integration that is learner-focused and context-related and provides pedagogical implications in support of educators, curriculum developers, and policymakers aiming to maximize the use of microlearning in Indian tertiary ESL institutions.
- NewsEdSurge16 Jul 2026
AI Meets ESL, and Teachers Are Intrigued
This news article discusses how artificial intelligence is being used to support bilingual and ESL learners by adapting materials, providing scaffolding in home languages, and enabling chatbots for student-parent dialogues. Teachers and researchers express optimism about AI's potential to close gaps in multilingual education, though they emphasize careful implementation.
Original abstract
<p>As he instructs bilingual learners in the humanities and social studies, Daniel Gomez sees big promise in artificial intelligence.</p><p>“Teachers in general cannot be knowledgeable about every single subject,” and certainly not in multiple languages, says Gomez, who teaches at the bilingual K-12 Ideal School in Tampa, Florida. AI can help close the gaps. “It will be able to pick up any topic students are interested in and handle the topic reasonably well.”</p><p>He isn’t alone in this assessment. Harvard researchers, for example, are actively exploring how AI-powered chatbots can support bilingual student learning and parent–child dialogues.</p><p>“There are lots of opportunities to use AI to adapt learning materials into different languages, which can expand access for bilingual learners,” says<a href="https://www.gse.harvard.edu/directory/faculty/ying-xu"> <u>Ying Xu</u></a>, an assistant professor of education at Harvard and one of the researchers involved in the work.</p><p>“Some projects are also exploring how AI can provide additional scaffolding to help children comprehend content in their home language,” she adds. “For example, a multilingual language model might keep the core learning content in English while offering explanations, prompts or supports in the child’s home language.”</p><p>Experts see great potential for AI to elevate bilingual education — if it’s done right.</p><h2><strong>Chatbots as Educational Aids</strong></h2><p>“Bilingual learners are obviously learning the language and culture of the classroom and the environment that they’re in,” says<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/krystlesalas/"> <u>Krystle Salas</u></a>, assistant director of special populations at Second Mile, which operates alternative education charter schools for at-risk students in several states.</p><p>“They don’t necessarily have access to the instructional materials or even just the conversations going on in the classroom — and certainly not at the level of their p