distributed-agency
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- PaperLanguage Learning & Technology1 Jan 2026
Distributed agency in AI-assisted L2 writing
Pin-Hsi Patrick Chen, Yichun Liu
A longitudinal qualitative study of Taiwanese university students examined how distributed agency between human writers and generative AI shapes L2 writing across intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness. Findings show that distributed agency both supports and constrains learner engagement depending on how it is exercised.
Original abstract
This longitudinal qualitative study examines distributed agency between human writers and generative AI in the context of L2 writing. Grounded in Bandura’s theory of agency, the study analyzes students’ written texts, reflective accounts, and AI interaction logs collected from Taiwanese university students. The findings indicate that human-AI distributed agency shapes the enactment of L2 writing across intentionality, forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness. Moreover, distributed agency both supports and constrains learners’ engagement, depending on how it is exercised.